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Human enhancement is "any attempt to temporarily or permanently overcome the current limitations of the human body through natural or artificial means. It is the use of technological means to select or alter human characteristics and capacities, whether or not the alteration results in characteristics and capacities that lie beyond the existing human range." 〔human enhancement, IEET, http://ieet.org/index.php/tpwiki/human_enhancement〕〔Moore, P., "Enhancing Me: The Hope and the Hype of Human Enhancement"〕 ==Technologies== Human enhancement technologies (HET) are techniques that can be used not simply for treating illness and disability, but also for enhancing human characteristics and capacities. In some circles, the expression "human enhancement technologies" is synonymous with emerging technologies or converging technologies.〔 In other circles, the expression "human enhancement" is roughly synonymous with human genetic engineering, it is used most often to refer to the general application of the convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science (NBIC) to improve human performance. ===Existing technologies=== *Reproductive technology * *Embryo selection by preimplantation genetic diagnosis * *Cytoplasmic transfer * *In vitro generated gametes *''Physically'': * *Cosmetic enhancement: plastic surgery and orthodontics * *Drug-induced: doping and performance-enhancing drugs * *Functional: Prosthetics and powered exoskeletons * *Medical: implant (medicine) (e.g. pacemaker, magnetic implants) and organ replacement *''Mentally'': * *Nootropics, drugs, neurostimulation devices, supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods that improve mental functions such as cognition, memory, intelligence, motivation, attention, and concentration. * *Computers, cell phones, Internet, and any pieces of technology that enhance the human condition in ways that make it more efficient. For example, making schedules, keeping a list of phone numbers, communication with others, general information storage, etc. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human enhancement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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